The Ottoman Caliphate is the golden age of our Islamic history that assures us that Muslims can once again rule the world. At the wish of our viewers, we have started a new series in which we will tell you in great detail about all the kings of the Ottoman Empire. Today’s article is about the third Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, “Sultan Murad I.”
Younger brother of Suleiman Murad I ibn Orhan Ghazi was made ruler.
After the death of Orhan Gazi, Suleiman Pasha was the heir to the empire Because the Sultan had appointed him as his own successor, but fate had decided otherwise. After the Gallipoli victory, when the Pasha received news of Orhan Gazi’s death, he was planning to invade Europe. He immediately left for the capital Bursa. Before departing Bursa, he once climbed the mound to inspect his army, and slipped on it and died. When news of his death reached Bursa, his younger brother Murad I ibn Orhan Ghazi was made ruler. Murad I was born in 1326.
He was the son of Orhan Ghazi and Nilofer Khatoon. He was the first ruler of the Ottoman Empire to take the title of Sultan. His father and grandfather were called Sardar or Bey. Murad I was a brave, pious man and an excellent administrator. As Murad I became ruler, he decided to expand his empire, with expeditions into Asia Minor and Anatolia, as well as invading Europe.
Sultan Murad 1 first crushed the rebellion and then marched into Europe
The area up to Gallipoli was already under Ottoman rule. But before the invasion of Europe, the Sultan received news that the ruler of the Emirate of Kerman had rebelled. He first crushed the rebellion and then marched into Europe. When the Ottomans invaded Europe, the Christians were divided into two groups. So when one group was being defeated by the Muslims, the other was celebrating. Christians were divided between Pope Rome on one side and Pope Francis on the other.
The Byzantine emperor supported the pope, and many Byzantines also supported him. In 1360 AD, the Ottoman army conquered Adrian. After Adrian’s victory, the sultan resolved to conquer all of Europe. The city of Adrian was of great importance in Europe and was the second largest city of the Byzantine Empire in Europe after Constantinople. In 1366, Murad I made Adrian the capital of the Ottoman Empire and the capital of the Ottoman Empire moved from Asia to Europe, i.e. from Bursa to Adrian.
Sultan could easily continue his conquests while remaining in Europe
The purpose of this transfer was that the Sultan could easily continue his conquests while remaining in Europe. In 1363, the Ottomans conquered Thrace. In 1366, a Byzantine commander named Emerson conquered Gallipoli, which had been conquered during the reign of Orhan Gazi. But the very next year, in 1367, the Turks recaptured the city. Sultan Murad I was rapidly expanding the Ottoman Empire.
Murad I set out to conquer Macedonia with a large army. In this situation, the Byzantines were in great danger and together they asked the Pope to help them, a Christian alliance was formed and a large army was sent to fight the Ottomans.
Here the sultan’s emir Lala Shahin advanced towards Bulgaria, but there he was confronted by a large army of Byzantines, Bulgarians, Serbs and Hungarians. In fact, after conquering the regions of Macedonia and Bulgaria, the Ottomans became a threat to all Europeans. Lala Shaheen fought hard against this large army and defeated them on the banks of the river.
Turks had captured many areas of southern Bulgaria and Serbia
After the victory of this battle, the Turks had captured many areas of southern Bulgaria and Serbia, And other small and big cities of these states were being conquered. The Ottomans were advancing and the Europeans were losing. In this situation, the Byzantine emperors and rulers of Bulgaria, Serbia and Constantinople decided to grant an annual jizya to Sultan Murad I. In the absence of the sultan, his son Suochi, who was in charge in the absence of his father, He rebelled along with the Byzantine prince Andrew.
As Emperor John V was not present in Constantinople due to the war, So Andrianicus rebelled in Constantinople and Adrian in Sochi. He seized power and formed an army of his supporters. When Sultan Murad I returned after the battle, the rebels, fearful of their fate, panicked and joined his army, leaving Prince Suochi alone.
The Sultan decided to punish him severely and put him in jail. The sultan also sent a detachment to subdue Andronicus, who captured him and ordered the Byzantine emperor to severely punish him. Sultan Murad I severely punished his son for this defiance. The sultan poured molten lead into his eyes.
After conquering the Bulgarian capital Sofia in 1385
The sultan sent the same message to the emperor to do the same with his son. The Ottomans gained considerable control in Europe after conquering the Bulgarian capital Sofia in 1385 and then the Serbian city of Niš in 1386. In Anatolia, on the other hand, the Ottoman Empire had reached Tokat.
In 1389, a Turkish army under Sultan Murad I arrived in Kosovo. In Kosovo, one of the greatest battles in history took place between the Ottoman Turks and the combined forces of Serbia, Bosnia and Bulgaria, known as the Kosovo War.
Sultan Murad I was commanding the Turks in this battle. His sons, Yaqub and Bayezid I, were also in command of various forces. The commander of the opposing army was Prince Lazarus. Prince Lazar was the ruler of Serbia and was very active in preventing Europe from the occupation of the Ottomans. In this battle, Yaqub Chalbi showed bravery and played an important role in defeating the enemies with great bravery.
In the First Battle of Kosovo, Sultan Murad I defeated the armies of northern Serbia, Bosnia, and Bulgaria, gaining almost complete control of Europe. Prince Lazar was defeated and managed to escape, but during the battle he hatched a plot that led to heavy losses for the Turks after the battle.
Prince Lazar entrusted a special mission to his special soldier Miloš
Prince Lazar entrusted a special mission to his special soldier Miloš, a Serbian knight. He ordered him to somehow go to Sultan Murad’s tent and kill him. Reaching the Sultan’s tent was an extremely difficult task for any Serb. But Miloš managed to reach the sultan’s tent with his spear. He falsely claimed to have converted to Islam and wished to swear allegiance to the Sultan.
Because the sultan was a good and chosen person, So they allowed it. He approached the Sultan and stabbed the poisoned dagger into the Sultan’s chest. The Sultan’s soldiers killed Miloš, while Sultan Murad I was martyred from the same wound.
According to Serbian tradition, Prince Lazar’s soldier did it of his own free will, but Prince Lazar’s family declared that Lazar had planned it. Whatever the historical facts. Miloš is known as a hero in Serbia and many poets have written poems on him.
Sultan Murad I died on 8 August 1389
Sultan Murad I died on 8 August 1389. The Ottoman sultan was the first ruler of the Ottoman Empire to die on the battlefield, preceded only by the deaths of his father Orhan Gazi and Osman Gazi.
Sultan Murad I implemented many administrative and economic reforms after the establishment of the sultanate. Sultan Murad I was the first to establish the Ottoman Empire as a formal empire.
The sultan adopted for himself the title of almighty, which means The sultan set a regular monthly salary for the martyrs who fought on the front line of the army. Divans were created for the government and military systems, and the tax system was reformed.
Sultan Murad I became ruler, the total area of the Ottoman Empire was 95,000
When Sultan Murad I became ruler, the total area of the Ottoman Empire was 95,000 square kilometers. But by the time the sultan was martyred, the Ottoman Empire had expanded to 500,000 square miles.
The Sultan’s body was buried at the site of his martyrdom near the battlefield in Kosovo. And a tomb was built there which was called Mashhad Khudwanbadar. The cemetery is located in Kosovo. It was rebuilt from 1999 to 2006 and renovated last year. The sultan’s body was brought to Bursa, the capital of his eastern empire, and buried there.It has now been converted into the Sultan Murad Complex. Inside is the tomb of Sultan Murad I.
